Panoply - Wood - Organic matter

δ13C and δ18O in cellulose and wood

2015-06-08T10:48:39+00:00

Vario PYRO cube - Isoprime PrecisION, Elementar^®

Instrument description:

PrecisION isoprime magnetic sector mass spectrometer (Elementar®) coupled to a vario PYRO cube high-temperature elemental analyser (Elementar®).

Principle of the analysis:

The solid samples (weighed in silver capsules) undergo pyrolysis at 1400°C. They are converted into CO gas. The sample gas is then introduced into the spectrometer source under helium flow and analysed against a standard commercial CO gas.

The gas molecules are ionised in the source, accelerated by an electric field and deflected according to their mass by a magnetic field. Three Faraday cages are placed at the outlet, allowing masses 28, 29 and 30 to be recovered.

δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O are determined simultaneously from the same sample with an accuracy of 0.15‰ for δ¹³C and 0.30‰ for δ¹⁸O (see Loader et al. 2014, for a description of the method: DOI: 10.1021/ac502557x).

Type of analysis performed on this instrument:

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes ratios in cellulose and wood.

Fundings:

Projet : RIOCAS, IDF-DIM-MAP-2021-3-001

Contacts:

Monique Pierre : 01.69.08.31.20 / monique.pierre[a]sce.ipsl.fr

Michel Stievenard : 01.69.08.71.70 / michel.stievenard[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

δ13C in cellulose and wood

2015-06-08T10:48:39+00:00

Vario MICRO Cube – ISOPRIME, Elementar

Instrument description:

ISOPRIME magnetic sector mass spectrometer (Elementar^®) coupled to a vario MICRO Cube elemental analyser (Elementar^®).

Principle of the analysis:

The solid samples (which were weighed in tin capsules) undergo combustion at around 1000°C. They are converted into CO₂ gas. The sample gas is then introduced into the spectrometer source under helium flow and analysed against a commercial reference CO₂ gas.

The gas molecules are ionised in the source, accelerated by an electric field and deflected according to their mass by a magnetic field. Three Faraday cages are placed at the output, enabling masses 44, 45 and 46 to be recovered. The accuracy of the analysis of δ¹³C is 0.10‰.

Type of analysis performed on this instrument:

Stable carbon isotopes ratios in cellulose and wood.

Fundings:

Projet : RIOCAS, IDF-DIM-MAP-2021-3-001

Contacts:

Monique Pierre : 01.69.08.31.20 / monique.pierre[a]sce.ipsl.fr

Michel Stievenard : 01.69.08.71.70 / michel.stievenard[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Analyzes of major cations and metallic elements concentrations in water and sediments or rocks

2015-12-15T08:32:01+00:00

Agilent Technologies AAS 240 FS and GTA 120

Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer to analyze cation concentrations (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Sn, Sr, Zn)

Description of the instrument

The Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Agilent Technologies AAS 240 FS and GTA 120) can measure the concentrations of many elements. Depending on the concentrations of the solutions, it can be used in flame mode or in graphite furnace mode. It is equipped with automatic diluters (flame/oven) and autosamplers (flame/oven).

Principle of analysis

A liquid sample is injected as a mist into a flame (in flame mode) or a drop is placed in a graphite furnace (in graphite furnace mode). The heat vaporizes the elements contained in the sample and excites their atoms. These disrupt a light signal by reducing its intensity (absorption) or by emitting photons (emission). The light emitted by a hollow cathode lamp(s) or by the electrons of the excited atoms is sent via a set of mirrors and a crystal lattice to a detector which performs an optical measurement of the signal compared to a signal of undisturbed reference. The difference in light intensity is proportional to the concentration of the element in the solution. Calibration is done by injecting a standard solution to obtain the appropriate range. See principle of measurement here: http://spin.mines-stetienne.fr/sites/default/files/specatom.pdf

Analyzes carried out on the instrument

Major cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) between 0.05 and 100 ppm in flame with an accuracy of +/- 5%;
Metals (Al, As, Ba, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Sn, Sr, Zn) between 0.01 and 1000 ppm in flame depending on the elements and a few tens of ppt to a few tens of ppb in graphite furnace mode for some elements with an accuracy of +/- 5%;
Only liquid solutions (filtered and acidified) are analyzed but it is possible to measure solutions of acid attack on rocks, sediments or other solid samples.

Contacts

Gaël Monvoisin : + 33 (0)1.69.15.71.74 / gael.monvoisin@universite-paris-saclay.fr

Fundings

CNRS – INSU / University Paris-Sud : AAS flame Year 2010 – AAS graphite furnace Year 2012

Isotopic (δ13C) and elementary (C, N) analysis of the organic matter

2015-12-10T15:15:24+00:00

Mass spectrometer IRMS ThermoFinnigan Delta Plus XP connected to an elemental analyzer Flash EA 1112 series

Flash EA 1112 Series Delta Plus XP

Characteristics of Instrumentation:

Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) Delta Plus XP (ThermoFinnigan), installed at LSCE in 2001, coupled to an Elemental Analyzer Flash EA 1112 Series installed in 2008. This spectrometer is a Continuous Flow type spectrometer. It is dedicated to the analysis of organic matter contained in different types of samples (sediments, bones, tissues, particles in suspension, etc.). The measurement accuracy of carbon isotopes is about 0.05 ‰. The amount of carbon required for a measurement is from 20 to 40 μg for isotopic measurements and an amount of 10 to 15 mg of samples is required for elemental analysis.

Principle of Measurement:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry

Measurements performed by instrumentation:

Carbon and nitrogen elementary quantification and carbon isotope (δ¹³C) analysis of organic matter. Developing in progress of isotopic measurements of nitrogen.

Contacts:

Caroline Gauthier : caroline.gauthier[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Christine Hatté : christine.hatte[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Jérémy Jacob : jeremy.jacob[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

14C dating ECHoMICADAS

2015-12-07T08:53:00+00:00

ECHoMICADAS - Environnement Climat et Homme « Micro Carbon Dating System »

ECHoMICADAS (Environment, Climate, Human, Micro CArbon DAting System) is an accelerator low energy coupled with an ultra-compacted mass spectrometer, allowing to analyze high precision isotopic 14C/12C ratios for gas or graphite samples. This instrument is dedicated to research activities, development and training, in geochemical and geochronological 14C activities, especially in environmental and human sciences.

ECHoMICADAS has been acquired in partnership with three laboratories : Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Laboratoire Géosciences Paris-Sud (GEOPS/IPSL) and the UMR 7209 « Archéozoologie Archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements ». It is financed by the DIM Analytics (Région île de France), FEDER, BNP Paribas, Labex BCDiv and the administrative authorities of the laboratories (CEA, CNRS, MNHN, Paris XI).

The three associated research laboratories have the expertise to process all types of samples. They use extraction lines to convert the carbon of a sample in CO2 and reduction lines to graphitize these samples.

Contacts:

LSCE

Christine Hatté 01 69 08 00 52 - christine.hatte[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde 01 69 08 04 21 - nadine.tisnerat[a]lsce.ipsl.fr
François Thil 01 69 08 04 22 / 01 69 08 38 70 - fthil[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

GEOPS

Marc Massault 01.69.15.49.18 - marc.massault[a]universite-paris-saclay.fr
Giuseppe Siani 01.69.15.67.89 – giuseppe.siani[a]universite-paris-saclay.fr

UMR 7209

Antoine Zazzo 01.40.79.33.13 - antoine.zazzo@mnhn.fr
Olivier Tombret 01.40.79.46.82 - otombret@mnhn.fr

Molecular fraction collector

2020-10-23T05:53:16+00:00

Fraction collector (Gerstel Preparative Fraction Collector) coupled to a gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890 N) and an autosampler (Gerstel MPS 2)

Instrument description:

Autosampler (Gerstel MPS 2): The autosampler takes a few µL of the fraction in solution in an organic solvent and introduces it into the gas chromatograph injector.

Gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890 N): Molecular biomarkers are separated by molecular weight and polarity in a capillary column under helium flow, as the chromatography oven heats up.

Fraction collector (Gerstel Preparative Fraction Collector): at the end of the capillary column, molecular biomarkers are collected in liquid nitrogen-cooled tubes. 7 fractions can be collected.

The system is used to purify, separate and collect molecular biomarkers (lipids, sugars, amino acids, etc.) extracted from geological and archaeological matrices (soils, sediments, peat, ceramics etc.), and then determine their age by carbon-14 dating. Extracted molecular biomarkers may first be fractionated into chemical families (alkanes, ketones, alcohols, etc.). Depending on the concentration of molecular biomarkers and the quantity of carbon required for dating, the operation may be repeated several dozen times, until sufficient material for ¹⁴C measurement is obtained (at least 10 µgC).

Analyses performed on the instrument:

Purification, separation and collection of molecular biomarkers

Contacts:

Caroline Gauthier : caroline.gauthier[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Emmanuelle Casanova : emmanuelle.casanova[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Jérémy Jacob : jeremy.jacob[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Christine Hatté : christine.hatte[a]lsce.ipsl.fr

Panoply - Wood - Organic matter

δ13C and δ18O in cellulose and wood

Vario PYRO cube - Isoprime PrecisION, Elementar®

Instrument description:

Principle of the analysis:

Type of analysis performed on this instrument:

δ13C in cellulose and wood

Vario MICRO Cube – ISOPRIME, Elementar

Instrument description:

Principle of the analysis:

Type of analysis performed on this instrument:

Analyzes of major cations and metallic elements concentrations in water and sediments or rocks

Agilent Technologies AAS 240 FS and GTA 120

Description of the instrument

Principle of analysis

Analyzes carried out on the instrument

Contacts

Fundings

Isotopic (δ13C) and elementary (C, N) analysis of the organic matter

Principle of Measurement:

Measurements performed by instrumentation:

Contacts:

14C dating ECHoMICADAS

ECHoMICADAS - Environnement Climat et Homme « Micro Carbon Dating System »

Contacts:

LSCE

GEOPS

UMR 7209

Molecular fraction collector

Vario PYRO cube - Isoprime PrecisION, Elementar^®